Neoclassical Architecture

Definition: Neoclassical, or "new" classical, architecture describes buildings that are inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. A Neoclassical building is likely to have some (but not necessarily all) of these features:

• Symmetrical shape
• Tall columns that rise the full height of the building
• Triangular pediment
• Domed roof

During the 1500s, the famous Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio awakened an interest in the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Palladio's ideas became the model for architecture in Europe for many centuries. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the newly-formed United States drew upon classical ideals to construct grand government buildings as well as smaller private homes.

The word Neoclassical is often used to describe an architectural style, but Neoclassicism is not actually any one distinct style. Neoclassicism is a trend, or approach to design, that can describe several very different styles.

You will see Neoclassicsm in:

• Antebellum Architecture
  Stately plantation homes built before America's Civil War were often inspired by classical architecture.
• Beaux Arts Buildings
  In the late 1800s and early 1900s, ancient Greek and Roman ideas were combined with balustrades, balconies, and lavish decoration.

These historic styles were influenced by Classical ideas:

• Greek Revival
  These stately, pillared homes became popular in the United States during the 1800s.
• Federalist
  A Federalist building does not always have imposing pillars, but its symmetry and decorative details are classically inspired.

Also Known As:
Use the word Neoclassical as an adjective to describe a building, building detail, or approach to design. Use the word Neoclassicism as a noun when you discuss the philosophy or theories of Neoclassical design.

Alternate Spellings: Neo-classical or Neo-Classical

Examples:
The White House
The American presidential home at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. has seen conflict, controversy, and surprising transformations.

Jefferson's Monticello
The American statesman Thomas Jefferson patterned his Virginia home after buildings by Andrea Palladio.

The US Supreme Court Building
American architect Cass Gilbert returned to Neoclassical ideas when he built the United States Supreme Court Building during the 1930s.

Neoclassical Houses
Browse our photo gallery to see pictures of American houses with Neoclassical features.